当前位置：首页>南京>《南京条约》(又称《江宁条约》

《南京条约》(又称《江宁条约》

  • 2026-04-27 23:07:25
《南京条约》(又称《江宁条约》

《南京条约》（又称《江宁条约》

这是**《南京条约》（又称《江宁条约》）** 的清代手写本，它是中国近代史上第一个不平等条约，是第一次鸦片战争战败后，清政府与英国于1842年（清道光二十二年）签订的丧权辱国条约，标志着中国近代史的开端。

一、条约核心信息

- 签约双方：大清帝国、大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国
- 中方签约代表：钦差大臣耆英、伊里布
- 英方签约代表：全权公使璞鼎查
- 签约时间地点：1842年8月29日，停泊于南京下关江面的英军军舰上

二、核心条款与主权损害

1. 割让领土
清政府将香港岛永久割让给英国，由英国世代执掌治理、立法权，中国的领土完整遭到首次严重破坏。
2. 五口通商
开放广州、福州、厦门、宁波、上海五处为通商口岸，允许英国商民携家眷定居、自由贸易、设立领事馆，打破了清政府闭关锁国的政策。
3. 巨额赔款
清政府向英国赔款总计2100万银元，其中鸦片烟价600万银元、英国商欠300万银元、侵华军费1200万银元，分4年付清，未按期支付需额外计息。
4. 丧失关税自主权
英国进出口货物的关税税率，需中英两国共同议定，清政府不得自行更改，中国自此失去了关税自主的主权。
5. 废除公行垄断制度
取消清政府特许的广州十三行垄断对外贸易的制度，允许英国商人在通商口岸与华商自由交易，清政府失去了对外贸易的管控权。
6. 外交与赦免条款
两国官员文书往来采用平行格式，打破了清政府“天朝上国”的朝贡外交体系；同时约定赦免与英国有往来的中国人员，释放被关押的英国相关人员。
7. 撤军约定
清政府付清首期赔款、开放通商口岸后，英军撤出江宁、镇江等地，仅暂驻舟山、鼓浪屿，待条约全部履行完毕后撤军。

三、历史影响

《南京条约》的签订，使中国的领土、关税、贸易、司法主权遭到严重破坏，中国开始从封建社会逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会。
它打破了中国闭关锁国的状态，迫使中国被动纳入近代世界贸易与外交体系，也开启了西方列强瓜分中国、逼迫清政府签订一系列不平等条约的序幕。同时，中国社会的主要矛盾，也从地主阶级与农民阶级的矛盾，新增了外国资本主义与中华民族的矛盾，中国人民自此开始了长达百年的反侵略、反封建的近代斗争。#南京条约历史文件 #清朝与英国协议 #老照片中的历史痕迹 #国际关系史研究 #外交文献收藏

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000356s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=b460;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000550s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000321s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000286s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000468s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000204s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000564s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 494517 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000658s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1777342405 WHERE `id` = 494517 [ RunTime:0.012888s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000337s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 494517 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000552s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 494517 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000414s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 494517 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.001794s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 494517 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.004263s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 494517 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.007687s ]
0.098444s