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南京工业大学付丽君‌/邬赟羚Adv. Funct. Mater.: 自适应HOF用于长效低温钠离子存储

  • 2026-05-09 11:54:04
南京工业大学付丽君‌/邬赟羚Adv. Funct. Mater.: 自适应HOF用于长效低温钠离子存储
第一作者:Yunling Wu, Xuan Zhou
通讯作者:付丽君‌, 邬赟羚
论文DOI : 10.1002/adfm.75331
研究背景:
钠离子电池(SIB)因钠资源丰富、成本低廉而备受关注,且钠具有较低的去溶剂化能,理论上更有利于低温运行。然而,实际低温下电解液黏度增大、Na⁺脱溶剂化困难、界面极化增强,导致容量急剧衰减。有机电极材料虽结构可调、成本低,但刚性骨架在低温下易积累不可逆应变,加速性能衰退。氢键有机框架(HOF)以弱而可逆的氢键构筑有序结构,兼具刚性π共轭骨架与动态自适应超分子网络:刚性骨架确保结构整体性,而氢键可在电化学扰动下发生可逆重组,缓冲局部应力,维持离子传输通道。本文报道了HOF‑PZQ——基于吡嗪并喹喔啉衍生物、通过羧基O–H⋯O氢键组装的二维HOF。该材料中每个结构单元由四个强氢键连接,C=N为氧化还原活性位点。室温下,HOF‑PZQ在0.1 A g⁻1下可逆容量达161 mAh g⁻1,5000次循环后容量衰减仅0.00616%每圈。更关键的是,在‑40 °C深低温下,仍能提供105 mAh g⁻1的可逆容量,1000次循环后容量保持率达98%,远优于已报道的多数有机/无机电极材料。原位红外、非原位XRD/XPS等表征表明,Na⁺存储主要发生在C=N位点,且氢键网络在充放电过程中发生可逆强度变化,而非不可逆断裂,体现了框架的自适应能力。

研究内容:

钠离子电池(SIBs)因其大规模、全气候能量存储特性而受到研究关注,但其实际应用仍受低温下性能不稳定的影响。关键原因在于缺乏能在极低温度下同时保持结构稳定性和离子传输动力学的正极材料。本文报道了一种用于SIBs的氢键有机框架(HOF)正极材料HOF-PZQ ,其刚性 π 共轭骨架通过广泛的定向O─H⋅⋅⋅O氢键网络增强。HOF-PZQ 结合了框架级结构一致性与自适应超分子响应特性,使得在常规有机正极常因动力学降解和结构不稳定而在极低温下实现稳定的Na+存储。因此,HOF-PZQ 在室温下以1 A g−1电流密度可实现5000次循环稳定性能。即使在−40℃条件下,其可逆容量仍达105 mAh g−1,且在100 mA g−1电流密度下经过1000次循环后容量保留率达98%。我们证实Na+的嵌入与脱出发生在C═N氧化还原位点,并伴随氢键网络的可逆重组,该机制可在不损失长程结晶性的情况下容纳局部静电应力。本研究凸显了HOFs作为恶劣低温环境下可靠钠离子存储正极材料的潜力。

Highlight:
                                • 室温下超长循环稳定性:HOF‑PZQ在1 A g⁻1大电流密度下循环5000次后容量仍保持87 mAh g⁻1,每圈容量衰减仅0.00616%,得益于刚性π共轭骨架与致密氢键网络的协同稳定作用。

                                • 创纪录的低温电化学性能:在‑40 °C、100 mA g⁻1条件下,HOF‑PZQ可逆容量达105 mAh g⁻1,1000次循环后容量保持率98%,且能点亮LED灯,是极少数能在深低温下稳定工作的有机正极材料之一。

                                • 自适应性氢键网络调控机制:原位红外显示,充放电过程中C=N与C‑N特征峰可逆转变,同时氢键(2500–3000 cm⁻1)强度随电压变化而减弱/恢复,而非消失;结合非原位XRD无新相生成、XPS中N–Na键的出现与消失,证明氢键网络通过可逆重组缓冲Na⁺嵌入引起的局部静电应力,维持长程有序结构和连续离子通道。

                                SCHEME 1 Conceptual illustration of Natransport in SIBs under different temperature and structural conditions. (a) Natransport at room temperature. (b) Natransport at low temperature in rigid frameworks. (c) Natransport at low temperature in HOFs.

                                FIGURE 1 Synthesis and structural characterizations of HOF-PZQ. (a) XRD patterns of HOF-PZQ. (b) The composition of HOF-PZQ. (c) Schematic synthetic process and crystal structure of HOF-PZQ. (d) FTIR spectra of PZQ-CHand HOF-PZQ. (e) 13C NMR (upper panel) and 1H NMR (lower panel) spectra of HOF-PZQ. (f) XPS spectrum of HOF-PZQ.

                                FIGURE 2 Electrochemical performances of SIBs with HOF-PZQ as the cathode. (a) CV curves of HOF-PZQ at 0.5 mV s1. (b) Galvanostatic chargedischarge curves of HOF-PZQ for the initial 3 cycles at 0.1 A g1. (c) Cycle stability of HOF-PZQ at 0.1 A g1. (d) Separators of PZQ-CHand HOF-PZQ after 3 cycles. (e) UVvis spectra of 1.25 m NaPFDEGDME electrolyte after immersing HOF-PZQ for a month, corresponding optical photograph in the inset. (f) Rate capacity of HOF-PZQ from 0.1 to 5 A g1. (g) Long cycling performance of HOF-PZQ at 1 A g1.

                                FIGURE 3 Reaction kinetics of HOF-PZQ. (a) CV curves of HOF-PZQ cathode at different scan rates. (b) Determination of value according to the relationship between peak current and scan rate. (c) Pseudocapacitive contributions at different scan rates. (d) GITT curves for HOF-PZQ cathode. (e) Calculated Nadiffusion coefficient based on GITT curves. (f) EIS of pristine HOF-PZQ and HOF-PZQ after 200 cycles.

                                FIGURE 4 Low-temperature electrochemical performance of HOF-PZQ. (a) Stepwise temperature-dependent cycling performance of HOF-PZQ from 25C to 40C. (b) Corresponding galvanostatic chargedischarge curves of HOF-PZQ from 25C to 40C. (c) The HOF-PZQ-based SIB powers an LED at 40C. (d) Comparison of low-temperature cycling performance of HOF-PZQ with representative organic and inorganic electrode materials in terms of capacity retention and cycle number. (e) Long-term cycling performance of HOF-PZQ at 40C (0.1 A g1).

                                FIGURE 5 Storage mechanism of HOF-PZQ. (a,b) In situ FTIR spectra of HOF-PZQ electrode; Ex situ high-resolution XPS spectra of (c) C 1s, (d) N 1s and (e) Na 1s of HOF-PZQ electrode at different discharge-charge stages. (f) The possible electrochemical redox mechanism of HOF-PZQ.

                                结论:

                                本研究成功构建了HOF- PZQ 并证实其作为钠离子电池阴极材料具有优异的稳定性。得益于刚性 π 共轭骨架结构及致密、高度定向的氢键网络(每个结构单元通过四个强O─H⋅⋅⋅O氢键相互连接),HOF- PZQ 可在C═N氧化还原活性位点可逆容纳多达四个Na+离子。因此,该材料在0.1 A g−1电流密度下可提供161 mAh g−1的稳定可逆容量,并在室温条件下经过500次循环后容量保持近乎不变。即使在高倍率放电条件下,HOF-PZQ 在1 A g−1电流密度下经过5000次循环后仍保持87 mAh g−1的容量,且容量衰减率极低。更重要的是,HOF-PZQ 在极端低温环境下展现出卓越的电化学循环性能:在-40℃条件下,该电极在100 mA g−1电流密度下可提供105 mAh g−1的可逆容量,且1000次循环后容量仍保持98%,显著优于现有低温电极材料。通过原位 FTIR 与离位 XRD / XPS 分析相结合的机理研究发现,HOF-PZQ 中的Na+存储过程通过高度可逆的氧化还原反应实现,且其长程晶体结构在循环过程中始终保持完整。与此同时,在钠化与脱钠过程中,氢键网络会发生可逆且电压依赖性的演变,这种现象本质上是对钠离子插入引发的局部静电扰动产生的适应性响应,而非不可逆的结构降解。该机制在动力学受限条件下,持续维持着稳定的离子传输通道和有利的反应动力学。本研究将HOFs确立为低温储能领域极具潜力但尚未充分开发的平台,并为利用可编程超分子相互作用实现结构稳定性与电化学动力学优化提供了新思路。我们预计,这一设计理念将推动面向严苛环境的先进钠离子电池(SIBs)下一代有机电解质膜(OEMs)的研发进程。

                                https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.75331.

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                                1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000941s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=b460;charset=utf8mb4
                                2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001551s ]
                                3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000692s ]
                                4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000676s ]
                                5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001472s ]
                                6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.008112s ]
                                7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.001760s ]
                                8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 537653 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.005675s ]
                                9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1779716210 WHERE `id` = 537653 [ RunTime:0.050882s ]
                                10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000766s ]
                                11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 537653 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001698s ]
                                12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 537653 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001145s ]
                                13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 537653 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.002816s ]
                                14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 537653 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.002446s ]
                                15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 537653 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.003947s ]
                                0.248866s