在可穿戴电子设备发展的过程中，集能量存储与传感功能于一体的柔性多功能设备为实现更小、更轻、更灵活的系统提供了有效途径。本文，南京邮电大学 赵江教授在《ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces》期刊发表名为“All-in-One Quasi-Solid Microsupercapacitors Exhibited Piezoresistive Capability Based on Boron–Nitrogen Codoped Hollow Carbon Nanosphere Cages”的论文，研究提出了一种通过原位激光诱导合成硼-氮共掺杂空心碳纳米球笼（BNHCNCs）的有效策略。
在此方法中，硼酸纳米颗粒（H₃BO₃ NPs）被战略性地用作模板和硼掺杂源，而聚酰亚胺（PI）前驱体则贡献碳基质和氮掺杂源，简单的热水处理可有效溶解H₃BO₃模板。通过激光刻蚀精确制备的BNHCNC图案化电极随后被集成到一体化准固态微型超级电容器（MSCs-PC）中，该电容器展现出压阻效应，具有高比电容、优异的机械柔韧性和出色的传感能力，特别适用于人体运动监测和通信技术。本研究不仅提出了一种合成高性能碳纳米材料的通用方法，还为推动柔性储能和可穿戴电子设备的发展提供了潜在解决方案，与微型化、集成化和多功能化趋势相契合。
图1、Diagrammatic representation of an all-in-one quasi-solid MSC-PC.
图2. Examination of various morphologies of BNHCNCs. (a, b) SEM images, (c, d) TEM and HRTEM images, and (e) elemental distribution mapping images.
图3. Characterization of structural properties. (a) Raman spectroscopic features of LIG and BNHCNCs, and XPS analysis of BNHCNCs, including (b) full-survey spectrum, (c) C1s, (d) B 1s, (e) N 1s, and (f) O 1s.
图4. Evaluation of electrochemical properties for the assembled all-in-one quasi-solid MSCs-PC based on BNHCNCs-1:t electrode materials. (a) CV profiles measured at 5 mV s–1, (b) GCD curves at 1 mA cm–2, (c) comparison of areal capacitance, (d) CV experimental results of the BNHCNCs-1:40 MSC-PC within scan rates of 5 to 100 mV s–1, (e) GCD curves of the BNHCNCs-1:40 MSC-PC at current densities between 1 and 8 mA cm–2, and (f) EIS data plot with an inset highlighting the high-frequency region.
图5. Electrochemical behavior of an all-in-one quasi-solid MSC-PC based on BNHCNCs-1:40 electrode material. (a) CV profiles at different bending angles, (b) GCD curves under varying bending angles, (c) capacitance retention in various bending conditions, (d) cycling stability over 6000 cycles at 1 mA cm–2, and (e) Ragone plots compared with previously reported carbon-based MSCs.
图6. Practical performances of an all-in-one quasi-solid MSC-PC for monitoring human physiological activities. (a) finger flexion, (b) elbow flexion, (c) knee flexion, (d) wrist flexion, (e) swallow, and (f) mouse clicking.
图7. Demonstration of Morse code transmission employing an all-in-one quasi-solid MSC-PC. (a) The internationally recognized Morse code chart serves as a reference. (b) Tansmission of the alphanumeric sequence “SENSOR”.
综上所述，本研究提出了一种开创性的BNHCNC制备方法，该方法不仅具有独特的工艺流程，还为制备高性能空心结构碳纳米材料奠定了基础。由BNHCNC图案化电极组装而成的全功能准固态MSCs-PC展现出卓越的综合性能。其高面积比电容（81.4 mF cm–2 时电流密度为 1 mA cm–2）、长循环稳定性（6000 次循环后电容保持率达 90.87%）、出色的面积比能量密度和功率密度（分别为 11.3 mWh cm–2 和 0.603 mW cm–2）， 以及出色的机械柔韧性，再加上其在多种应用中的卓越传感特性，如人体运动监测（手指弯曲、肘部弯曲、膝盖弯曲、手腕弯曲、吞咽和鼠标点击）和通信技术（摩斯电码传输），使其在柔性储能和可穿戴电子设备领域具有极大的应用潜力。这项工作符合现代电子设备小型化、集成化和多功能化的发展趋势，预计将在相关领域进一步拓展研究和实际应用的可能性。
文献：https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c01572
