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南京大学物理学院与北京大学联合实现二维范德华反铁磁材料中拓扑磁结构的实空间成像与写入控制

  • 2026-05-30 18:00:31
南京大学物理学院与北京大学联合实现二维范德华反铁磁材料中拓扑磁结构的实空间成像与写入控制
南京大学物理学院陈宫课题组与北京大学罗昭初课题组联合开展的一项研究，利用自旋极化低能电子显微镜技术，在具有垂直磁化特征的二维范德华反铁磁材料体系中实现了高分辨率实空间磁畴成像，观察到了本征手性自旋结构，并通过温度驱动的反铁磁至铁磁相变完成了反铁磁斯格明子的可控写入。相关成果“Real-space imaging and control of topological spin textures in a van der Waals antiferromagnet”已在线发表于Nature Communications。
拓扑磁结构中的斯格明子因驱动其运动所需的临界电流极低，被认为是下一代低功耗、高密度自旋电子器件的核心信息载体。然而，传统铁磁斯格明子受制于斯格明子霍尔效应——即在电流驱动下斯格明子会向侧向偏转，导致其沿直线轨道运动的能力受限，这一问题严重制约了器件化应用。相比之下，层间反铁磁耦合体系由于相邻层磁矩相互抵消、整体无净磁矩，不仅对外磁场扰动具有天然抗性，还能有效抑制斯格明子霍尔效应，同时具备更高的电流驱动运动速度，在低功耗拓扑自旋电子学领域展现出显著优势。不过，这类体系中层间强烈的反铁磁交换作用使得相邻层磁矩严格补偿，给其中拓扑自旋结构的直接观测与操控带来了极大困难。
此次研究选取了具有A型反铁磁序的范德华材料(Fe0.81Co0.19)3GaTe2（简称FCGT）作为研究对象。该材料呈现出典型的层内铁磁、层间反铁磁耦合特征，并在约170 K附近发生反铁磁至铁磁的相变。研究团队利用自旋极化低能电子显微镜对FCGT的自旋结构进行了实空间成像。结果显示，无论在高温铁磁相还是低温反铁磁相中，样品表面均呈现出条纹状磁畴图案，但当磁畴跨越单原子层台阶时，两种相中的磁衬度行为存在显著差异：在高温铁磁相中，磁畴在经过奇数层台阶后保持连续不变；而在低温反铁磁相中，磁畴在跨越奇数层台阶时发生了磁衬度反转。这一现象直观地证实了FCGT体系中磁矩在相邻层之间呈反平行排列，即具有A型反铁磁层间耦合特征。
为进一步探究FCGT中的手性自旋相互作用，研究团队在对比性实验中首先对同类范德华铁磁体Fe3GaTe2（简称FGT）进行了成像。在FGT中，研究人员能够直接观察到具有Néel-cap结构的手性畴壁。然而，在FCGT的裸表面上，由于反铁磁耦合导致的磁矩补偿效应，畴壁结构并不清晰。为突破这一观测瓶颈，研究团队在FCGT表面沉积了亚单层厚度的钴原子，构建了Co/FCGT异质结构。在该体系中，研究人员成功观察到了具有右手手性的畴壁结构。结合与FGT体系的对比分析，研究团队判定FCGT中存在本征的Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya反对称交换相互作用，这正是手性自旋结构形成的微观起源。
在实现拓扑磁结构的写入控制方面，研究团队面临的核心难题在于：反铁磁材料对外磁场极不敏感，无法像铁磁材料那样直接利用磁场来写入磁结构。针对这一问题，研究团队巧妙地利用了FCGT体系中反铁磁与铁磁两相之间的可逆相变。具体而言，研究人员先在高于相变温度的铁磁相中施加外部磁场，成功将斯格明子结构写入样品；随后在零磁场条件下将样品降温至反铁磁相，铁磁斯格明子便被映射到了反铁磁态中，由此实现了反铁磁斯格明子的可控写入。这一策略的关键在于，铁磁相与反铁磁相之间的磁结构存在确定的对应关系，相变过程本身充当了磁信息从可写态向稳定存储态转化的桥梁。
此外，研究团队还借助微磁学模拟对反铁磁斯格明子的动力学行为进行了系统研究。模拟结果表明，在具有偶数层磁矩补偿的反铁磁体系中，斯格明子霍尔效应能够被完全抑制，斯格明子在电流驱动下沿直线运动而不发生侧向偏转。与此同时，其电流驱动运动效率显著优于传统铁磁体系中的斯格明子。这一结论为反铁磁拓扑自旋电子器件的设计提供了重要的理论依据。
总体而言，该工作在二维范德华反铁磁材料中首次实现了拓扑自旋结构的高分辨率实空间成像与可控写入，揭示了温度驱动相变在反铁磁拓扑磁结构调控中的关键作用，也为理解二维反铁磁体系中Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用与拓扑磁结构的关联提供了实验证据。这些发现为后续开发基于反铁磁材料的低功耗、高速度拓扑自旋电子学器件奠定了实验与理论基础。该研究由南京大学物理学院博士生程致远完成第一作者工作，南京大学陈宫与北京大学罗昭初为通讯作者，研究获得了国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金等多个项目的资助。
DOI：10.1038/s41467-026-72895-7

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000807s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=b460;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001193s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000308s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000228s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000654s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000216s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000715s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 572553 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000451s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1780152059 WHERE `id` = 572553 [ RunTime:0.002604s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 65 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000373s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 572553 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000579s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 572553 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000394s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 572553 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000734s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 572553 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.005387s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 572553 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.006250s ]
0.090755s